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Tax increment financing (TIF) is a public financing method that is used as a subsidy for redevelopment, infrastructure, and other community-improvement projects in many countries, including the United States. Similar or related value capture strategies are used around the world. Through the use of TIF, municipalities can dedicate future tax revenues of a "particular business or group of businesses toward an economic development project in the community."〔 The first TIF was used in California in the 1952.〔 By 2004 all 50 American States had authorized the use of TIF.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Tax Increment Financing: Imagining Urban Futures: Research on the circulation of the Tax Increment Financing model across North America and the UK )〕 The first TIF in Canada was used in 2007.〔 As the use of TIFs increases elsewhere, in California, where they were first conceived, in 2011 Governor Jerry Brown enacted legislation which led to elimination of California’s nearly 400 redevelopment agencies that implemented TIFs, in response to California's Fiscal 2010 Emergency Proclamation thereby stopping the diversion of property tax revenues from public funding. The RDAs are appealing this decision.〔 TIF subsidies are not appropriated directly from a city's budget, but the city incurs loss through foregone tax revenue.〔 ==Theory and potential downsides== Tax increment financing (TIF) subsidies, which are publicly subsidized economic development,〔 are considered to be among the "most powerful and important tools currently available to cities to promote redevelopment of blighted properties."〔 To provide the needed subsidy, the urban renewal district, or TIF district, is essentially always drawn around hundreds or thousands of acres of additional real estate (beyond the project site) to provide the needed borrowing capacity for the project or projects. The borrowing capacity is established by committing all normal yearly future real estate tax increases from every parcel in the TIF district (for 20–25 years, or more) along with the anticipated new tax revenue eventually coming from the project or projects themselves. If the projects are public improvements paying no real estate taxes, all of the repayment will come from the adjacent properties within the TIF district. Although questioned, it is often presumed that even public improvements trigger gains in taxes above what occurs, or would have occurred in the district without the investment. In many jurisdictions yearly property tax increases are restricted and cannot exceed what would otherwise have occurred. The completion of a public or private project can at times result in an increase in the value of surrounding real estate, which generates additional tax revenue. Sales-tax revenue may also increase, and jobs may be added, although these factors and their multipliers usually do not influence the structure of TIF. The routine yearly increases district-wide, along with any increase in site value from the public and private investment, generate an increase in tax revenues. This is the "tax increment." Tax increment financing dedicates tax increments within a certain defined district to finance the debt that is issued to pay for the project. TIF was designed to channel funding toward improvements in distressed, underdeveloped, or underutilized parts of a jurisdiction where development might otherwise not occur. TIF creates funding for public or private projects by borrowing against the future increase in these property-tax revenues.〔Various, (2001). ''Tax Increment Financing and Economic Development, Uses, Structures and Impact.'' Edited by Craig L. Johnson and Joyce Y. Man. State University of New York Press.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「tax increment financing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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